Author Archives: Dennis Ghiglieri

About Dennis Ghiglieri

My concern for the Truckee River grew over the years. It started with picking up trash and supporting better water quality. I helped create the "living river"plan with other citizens on the Community Flood Coalition; a plan to reduce flood impacts to infrastructure through river restoration and protection of the floodplain. I understand how critical the Truckee River is to the environment – and economy – of our entire region. I'm hoping that through these pages we can all understand our connection to the Truckee River and why we need to protect it.

One Truckee River Plan adopted by Washoe, Sparks, and Reno

Truckee River at 2nd Street in downtown Reno in June.

One-two-three – each of the local governments has now adopted the One Truckee River Plan when the Reno City Council unanimously voted for it on September 28. The Washoe County Commission and Sparks City Council approved the plan earlier this month. A year-long process established the plan with involvement of many citizens and groups and agencies from the community. The approved plan addresses numerous issues of the Truckee River (and tributaries) through the urban area of the Truckee Meadows.

Community members at the first "One Truckee River Plan" meeting in fall 2015.

Community members at the first “One Truckee River Plan” meeting in fall 2015.

The One Truckee River Plan phase one lays out goals for implementation as funding becomes available and a time-frame to accomplish them.

  • “Goal One: Ensure and protect water quality and ecosystem health in the Truckee River” has six specific objectives with more detailed sub-objectives dealing with storm water, watershed management, human impacts, trees and vegetation, wildlife habitat, and the proper functioning of the river and its floodplain lands to attenuate flooding.
  • “Goal Two: Create and sustain a safe, beautiful and accessible river connecting people and places” also has 6 specific objectives to address appropriate use and discourage illegal activities, promote planning and management between Cities and County, enhance public safety and access, ensure better transportation and restrooms, add public art and murals, provide housing for homeless and access to medical care as an alternative to living on the river.
  • “Goal Three: Create an aware and engaged community that protects and cares for the river” has five specific objectives to promote awareness and education of the river’s natural and cultural importance, increase student education and participation, add opportunities for activities for all, inspire culture of stewardship, and ensure easy access to information. The latter could include a Truckee River Visitors Center, a network of kiosks, encouraging collaboration to Native American cultural uses of the river, and opportunities to acquire land or protect natural or cultural resources.
  • “Goal Four: Create an aware and engaged community that protects and cares for the river” has four specific objectives to create a sustainable organizational model to make implementation of the plan successful, develop partnerships and raise awareness of the plan, bring in funding to support the plan, and improve our understanding of the condition of the Truckee River.

The One Truckee River Plan – OTR Plan – is probably the most comprehensive look, yet, at the needs of the Truckee River and how to make the river a better place to visit while improving water quality, safety, accessibility, and helping residents and visitors to understand what makes a river “healthy”.

Truckee River Walk along Riverside Drive.

Truckee River Walk along Riverside Drive.

Organizations which were key to pursuing and moving the plan to adoption are The Nevada Land Trust and Keep Truckee Meadows Beautiful. The National Park Service helped with funding and local and state agencies along with the Reno Sparks Indian Colony and the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe.

One of the key features to the plan is community education and involvement and that is always a positive to help make changes in the river corridor where they are very much-needed today. The next phase of the plan will address downstream of the Truckee Meadows where rapid development in Washoe County and Storey County continue to threaten the river and its vegetative corridor. Phase two of the OTR Plan may well be more controversial since industrial interests have dominated recently with construction of huge new buildings, roads, and bridges.

For now, we can celebrate a new approach to benefit our area’s most important natural resource – the Truckee River.

Truckee River, March 2015 - flows of 290 CFS through Reno are substantially below normal river flows.

Truckee River, March 2015

 

Tributaries make up most of the flow of the Truckee River

Old Virginia Street Bridge in 2014 in downtown Reno

Lake Tahoe rose to about a foot above its rim during the spring, but has now dropped below its rim elevation of 6,223 feet.  Flow from Lake Tahoe to the Truckee River is now effectively zero, but was also minimal through much of August as well. Most of the water in the Truckee River is now coming from tributaries to the river below Lake Tahoe both from natural flow and releases from reservoirs.

Truckee River at 2nd Street in downtown Reno in June.

Truckee River at 2nd Street in downtown Reno in June.

Water releases from Donner Lake into Donner Creek enter the Truckee River just above the town of Truckee. Water from Prosser Reservoir enters Prosser Creek and comes into the Truckee River several river miles below Truckee. Releases from Stampede and Boca reservoirs into the Little Truckee enter the Truckee River from the north just above the Hirschdale Road.

Other small tributaries to the Truckee come in from Alpine Meadows and Squaw Valley upstream of Donner Creek along with several other streams from the west off the crest of the Sierra Nevada. Downstream of the town of Truckee (in addition to Prosser Creek and Little Truckee River mentioned above) Martis Creek comes in from the south from Mt Pluto and Martis Peak to the south. Further down two creeks – Gray and Bronco Creeks – come in from the Carson Range from the west side of Relay Ridge and Mt Rose.

Squaw Valley Creek.

Squaw Valley Creek.

Together these tributaries make up the majority of the current flow of the river at Farad of 182 cubic-feet per second (CFS), but additional tributaries enter the Truckee River below Farad as well. Truckee River flow below Farad gets confusing because there are significant withdrawals of water from the Truckee River into a canal system designed in the 19th century for irrigation and a modern diversion of water from the river at Chalk Bluff and again at Glendale Bridge by the Truckee Meadows Water Authority for municipal and industrial use (most of the water consumed goes to watering residential and commercial landscapes.)

At Verdi, Dog Creek comes in from the Crystal Peak area to the northwest. In west Reno where the Mayberry foot bridge crosses the Truckee River, Hunter Creek comes into the Truckee River from the southwestern end of the Carson Range.

Steamboat Monkeyflower at Steamboat Hotsprings adjacent to Steamboat Creek.

Steamboat Monkeyflower along with other rare flowering plants are unique to Steamboat Hotsprings adjacent to Steamboat Creek.

Steamboat Creek enters the Truckee River just at the Reno-Sparks Water Reclamation Facility at the end of Clean Water Way.  Steamboat Creek flows from Washoe Valley (from Little Washoe Lake and from ‘big’ Washoe Lake when it has water). Steamboat Creek picks up additional water from its tributaries – Galena, Whites, and Thomas Creeks being the largest, but there are several other small streams flowing year-round or seasonally that can add to the flow. Steamboat Creek also receives water from the Steamboat Ditch – which is actually a diversion from the Truckee River above the town of Verdi that flows around the west side of the Truckee Meadows.

 

caspian-tern-flies-over-truckee-river-delta-at-pyramid-lake-2016-06-10

Caspian tern flies over the Truckee River Delta at Pyramid Lake, September 2016.

Downstream of where Steamboat Creek comes into the Truckee River, the only significant tributary to the Truckee River is Long Valley Creek which enters the river from the Virginia Range to the south at Lockwood in Storey County.

Flow in the Truckee River is determined by the amount of water entering from the entire watershed, of course, but as the Truckee River winds its way through its 110 mile length once past Lockwood the amount gain from additional stream flow becomes less and less all the way to Pyramid lake.

pelican-waiting-for-lunch-in-the-truckee-river-on-the-pyramid-lake-reservation

Pelican waiting for lunch in the Truckee River on the Pyramid Lake Reservation below Marble Bluff Dam.

The issue for the Truckee River then becomes how much water is taken out of the river for municipal, industrial, and agricultural use that never returns.

New Virginia Street Bridge over the Truckee River opens

 

At meetings well over a decade ago, the Community Flood Coalition’s Flood Management Working Group conceived the idea to replace the old Virginia Street Bridge over the Truckee River with a new clear span Bridge.  The Flood Coalition was acknowledging that the then existing double arch bridge with its center support obstructed river flow during flooding events increasing flooding when water backed up behind the bridge into streets and buildings in downtown Reno. However, there were serious objections to removing the bridge because the early 1900s Virginia Street bridge was a historic structure and an iconic symbol of downtown Reno where new divorcees would toss wedding rings into the Truckee River as a symbol of their new freedom.

Old Virginia Street Bridge in 2014 in downtown Reno

Old Virginia Street Bridge in 2014 in downtown Reno

Many years later, the City of Reno and the Flood “Authority” decided to replace the bridge with a “suspension” style bridge – based on the need for improved flood protection for downtown Reno and the deteriorated condition of the old Virginia Street Bridge. The design was one that had met with approval from many citizens; however, the opposition to removing the old bridge remained. Many people who valued the historic structure lament its passing. As far as I know only the light posts on the old bridge were salvaged and installed on the new bridge. The earth-filled, concrete structure couldn’t be saved.

Tutto Ferro art work of Pyramid Lake's Bathymetry.

Tutto Ferro art work of Pyramid Lake’s Bathymetry.

The celebration in downtown Reno of the new bridge featured live music, historic cars from the National Automobile Museum, and a large crowd of Renoites, City Council members, and  the President of Q&D Construction whose company built the bridge. Art work by Tutto Ferro is installed at a new river level area connected to the events plaza by a double set of stairways. One of the bronze-colored art pieces depicts the entire Truckee River from Lake Tahoe to Pyramid Lake. Another one shows Pyramid Lake’s bathymetry and the relief of the surrounding mountain ranges. Also, a the state of Nevada is given in relief showing its many mountain ranges and valleys.

"Keep Pyramid Wet" painted on a canvas carried at Virginia Street Bridge over the Truckee River dedication

“Keep Pyramid Wet” painted on a canvas carried at Virginia Street Bridge over the Truckee River dedication

The bridge features a large deck with a sidewalk on both sides giving walkers nice views up and downstream on the Truckee. The suspension arch – above the roadway – leaves a completely clear span under the bridge for water to flow during high and low flows. Other bridges in Reno now will impede flood water far more than the new Virginia Street bridge.

A welcome message was an artist (at least it looked like an original painting to me) reminding the crowd that the Truckee River flowing under our feet ends up (or it should) at Pyramid Lake. The Tahoe – Pyramid connected river system is unique in the west with a river leaving a very large lake and ending up in a very large lake. We here in Reno and Sparks have a connection to the Truckee River – a lifeblood of our communities – supplying water and all the green spaces that we enjoy as residents of the Truckee Meadows. The Truckee River is, too, the lifeblood for the Pyramid Lake Paiute people who have lived there for millennia. The Lake is their home and the Lake can’t exist without the Truckee River flowing enough to keep it alive.

Anaho Island National Wildlife Refuge in Pyramid Lake provides nesting for the American White Pelican.

Pyramid Lake is the ancestral home of the Pyramid Lake Paiute People who have lived at Pyramid Lake for many thousands of years. This view of Pyramid from the south end shows Anaho Island National Wildlife Refuge (left-center) and the Pyramid on the Lake’s east shore.

Virginia Street Bridge dedication 4-12-16 21

Virginia Street Bridge Dedication day, April 12, 2016 with a band and large crowd enjoying the day.

Lake Tahoe rises above its rim

Storm over Lake Tahoe

Late in the evening on April 9 during a sub-tropical storm system producing mostly rain and showers in California and Nevada, Lake Tahoe once again went above its rim and connects to the Truckee River at Tahoe City. The Lake has been below its rim since fall of 2014. The Lake has risen more than 1.5 feet since its low in the late fall of 2015. How high will the Lake rise? That will depend on how fast the snow melts and whether or not we receive additional rain and snow this spring.

Tahoe rises above its rim late evening of April 9, 2016

Tahoe rises above its rim late evening of April 9, 2016

Drought-busting El Niño for western Nevada? Not so much.

Lake Tahoe during a winter storm

California news outlets report that the April 1, 2016 snow surveys show that the snowpack is running slightly above to slightly below average in the northern and central Sierra Nevada and decreasing to around 75% as you move southward along the range. Southern California and southern Nevada and Arizona have below average snowpacks reported by the California Resource Agency and the US National Resource Conservation Service for April 1, 2016.

Scientists with the Desert Research Institute say this result is opposite of what would be expected for an El Niño year where more precipitation should occur in the southwestern US – southern Nevada, Arizona, and southern California – and drier conditions to the north – Washington and Oregon. (See  winter forecast article from last fall.)  Winter 2015-16 saw precipitation trending higher in the Pacific northwest including northwest California instead. Why? Scientists do not currently have an explanation for the switch. Most snowpacks, however, are just at or below average in many north western locations.

Great climate weather maps can be found at gbdash.dri.edu.

Great climate weather maps can be found at gbdash.dri.edu.

The trend did produce an average water year with a less than stellar snowpack on April 1 in the Truckee River watershed in both the Sierra Nevada and Carson Range west of Reno and around Lake Tahoe. As I write this, Lake Tahoe is still about 1.5 inches below its rim, but rising as the snowpack melts under very warm spring conditions. Flow for the Truckee River this year is likely to be below the long-term average, though, because the entire Truckee River watershed has been in deficit over the last 16 years. Currently, the Truckee River is flowing at around 800-900 cubic feet per second (CFS). However, 300 CFS is diverted away from Pyramid Lake reducing flow to Pyramid to 500-600 CFS. Pyramid’s large water deficit over the past 16 years is likely to continue in 2016.

At the April 5, 2016 Climate Forum, scientists talked about the anomalous nature of precipitation for this year’s El Niño. However, El Niño did produce warmer conditions as would be expected. This winter was overall very warm and the departure from the long-term average temperatures continues up which is in keeping with global temperature rises.

Lake Tahoe weekly elevation ending April 8 2016

Lake Tahoe weekly elevation ending April 8 2016

In a brief presentation on the region’s climate looking to the future, Dr. Kelly Redmond from the Desert Research Institute, explained that as of now humans have added 25% more CO2 to the atmosphere and that the CO2 will remain in the atmosphere for a long time – one or two millennia. It is simple physics that CO2 has changed the heat balance of the atmosphere and that more heat is being retained now and will continue until a new, warmer overall equilibrium for the earth’s atmosphere is reached.  Other scientists said warmer conditions also lead to increased evaporation and evapotranspiration by plants. Even if precipitation remains the same, warmer temperatures mean less water will be available for rivers and streams and groundwater recharge as a result.

At the Climate Forum Dr. Benjamin Hatchett from UNR discussed long-term drought that occurred in the past.  Droughts lasting 240 and 140 years occurred between 832 – 1299. Are we prepared for such events should they occur again?  Clearly the late 19th and 20th centuries produced more average precipitation for the west than the beginning of the 21st century has so far. Could a “mega-drought” be in our near-term future? Climate models are not showing a huge swing downward in precipitation, but warmer temperatures will exacerbate droughts. How can we as a society do a better job of using water in both good and poor water years?  Can we adapt to warmer conditions and still maintain the environment? Truckee River flows? Pyramid Lake? Area streams and springs? Forests?

There seems little doubt that warmer conditions alone will require a much more thoughtful approach to water use if we expect future Nevadans to enjoy a healthy Truckee River and sustained Pyramid Lake and Lake Tahoe.

Winter snow with a barely flowing Truckee River through downtown Reno at Lake Street Bridge during the TROA Celebration.

Winter snow with a barely flowing Truckee River through downtown Reno at Lake Street Bridge during the TROA Celebration.